The main cause of water supply damage is ground movements, whether they are natural or man-made. To reduce the impact of these movements on networks, materials used to make pipes and fittings must be ductile, flexible, and impact-resistant.

Investments in water distribution pipes are expensive. Therefore, in the project designing and feasibility stages, aspects such life cycle cost, durability, low operation expenditures, ease of assembly, maintenance and repair expenses as well as material unit pricing should be taken into account.

Ductile iron casting enhances the exceptional features of metal casting, which include high resistance to corrosion and abrasion, ease of machinability, and fatigue strength, by adding tensile strength, impact resistance, and elongation capabilities.